How do you calculate groundwater flow?
How do you calculate groundwater flow?
The equation for calculating ground water velocity is: V= KI/n. In this formula V stands for “groundwater velocity,” K equals the “horizontal hydraulic conductivity,” I is the “horizontal hydraulic gradient,” and n is the “effective porosity.”
What are the two fundamental equations required to derive the general groundwater flow equation for steady-state?
2 Derivation of Groundwater Equation The general groundwater flow equation is deducted from Darcy’s law and the continuity equation.
What do you mean by steady-state equation in groundwater?
The law of conservation ofmass for steady-state flow requires that the rate at which fluid is. entering the control volume is equal to the rate at which fluid is leaving the control volume. or. net rate of inflow = inflow – outflow = 0. (AI.
What is the Laplace equation in hydrogeology?
Laplace equation (steady-state flow) This equation states that hydraulic head is a harmonic function, and has many analogs in other fields. The Laplace equation can be solved using techniques, using similar assumptions stated above, but with the additional requirements of a steady-state flow field.
How do you calculate groundwater flow gradient?
Groundwater Gradient and Flow Equations The reason we use z = h2 for an unconfined aquifer is because Q = – K h dh/ds = -0.5 K d(h2)/ds, so a plane in h2 exists.
What is the rate of groundwater flow?
A velocity of 1 foot per day or greater is a high rate of movement for ground water, and ground-water velocities can be as low as 1 foot per year or 1 foot per decade. In contrast, velocities of streamflow generally are measured in feet per second. A velocity of 1 foot per second equals about 16 miles per day.
What is Darcy’s law used for?
One application of Darcy’s law is to water flow through an aquifer; Darcy’s law along with the equation of conservation of mass is equivalent to the groundwater flow equation, one of the basic relationships of hydrogeology. Darcy’s law is also used to describe oil, water, and gas flows through petroleum reservoirs.
What is general flow equation?
Flow equations expressed by pressure, pressure square, or pseudo pressure as described earlier can be presented in general forms: (2.60) where the meaning of ϕ is ϕ = p in pressure expression; ϕ = p2 in pressure square expression; ϕ = ψ in pseudo pressure expression; and η = k μ ϕ C .
What is steady flow equation?
The steady flow energy equation for the WHB is(9.11)Mf2hf0+HP4=λ′D+HP′S,where 4 and S are the entry and exit states, P refers to products entering (i.e. at exit from the turbine), P′ refers to products after the supplementary combustion and Mf2hf0 is the enthalpy flux of the entering fuel.
What is Dupuits equation?
Dupit derived the following equation: Q = K (h22 – h12)/2L. ADVERTISEMENTS: Where, Q = flow of water per unit time, per unit width normal to the direction of flow. h1 = head of water in the aquifer at point 1 in the line of flow.
What is groundwater flow rate?
How does Darcy’s law relate to groundwater flow?
A common application is groundwater flow through an aquifer. Darcy’s Law gives the relationship among the flow rate of the groundwater, the cross-sectional area of the aquifer perpendicular to the flow, the hydraulic gradient, and the hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer.
What is Q in Darcy’s law?
Q is the flow rate (m3/s) of the fluid flowing through the area A. The flux of fluid through A is q = Q/A. L is the length of the cylinder. Δp = poutlet – pinlet = pb – pa. = Δp/L = hydraulic gradient applied between the points a and b.
What is Darcy’s law in groundwater?
Darcy’s law says that the discharge rate q is proportional to the gradient in hydrauolic head and the hydraulic conductivity (q = Q/A = -K*dh/dl). Definitions of aquifers, aquitards, and aquicludes and how hydraulic conductivity relates to geology.
What is the law of Darcy what are its limitations in groundwater flow?
Darcy’s law states that the discharge or rate of flow per unit time is proportional to hydraulic gradient. Generally the laminar flow velocity through homogeneous soil is represented by Darcy’s law. It is represented by a simple equation as, V ∝ i OR V = Ki ……(eqn 1)
What is the formula for calculating flow rate?
How to calculate flow rate? Flow rate formulas
- Volumetric flow rate formula: Volumetric flow rate = A * v. where A – cross-sectional area, v – flow velocity.
- Mass flow rate formula: Mass flow rate = ρ * Volumetric flow rate = ρ * A * v. where ρ – fluid density.
How do you calculate water flow rate?
To calculate the water flow (in m3) multiply the average water velocity (in m/s) by the average width (in m) and by the average depth (in m). Water flow = 0.425 m/s x 1 m x 0.6 m = 0.255 m3/s. Note: remember that 1 m3 = 1 000 l so multiply by this to convert water flow measurements to litres per second (l/s).
What is the difference between Bernoulli’s equation and steady flow energy equation?
The SFEE is used to analyze a fluid flow across a piping system with the consideration of losses. Unlike Bernoulli’s equation Pump and turbine can be involved in SFEE, which are sources of work in the fluid flowing across a piping system SFEE assumes constant mass flow rate throughout the entire control volume.
What is study flow equation?
Wflow = FL = PAL = PV. For unit mass, wflow = Pv. The work done due to pushing the fluid element out of the control volume is the same as the work needed to push the fluid element into the control volume.