How are gold nanoparticles used for drug delivery?
How are gold nanoparticles used for drug delivery?
In the SERS method, Au NPs usually have been used as intracellular probes to monitor intracellular drug release as well as to probe molecules by targeting them to cellular compartments such as mitochondria, endosomes, and the cell nucleus [55].
How do nanoparticles improve drug delivery?
Due to their small size and large surface area, drug nanoparticles show increase solubility and thus enhanced bioavailability, additional ability to cross the blood brain barrier (BBB), enter the pulmonary system and be absorbed through the tight junctions of endothelial cells of the skin (Kohane, 2007).
What are the advantages of gold nanoparticles?
Gold nanoparticles have been explored as drug carriers due to the following advantages: (1) the large surface area provides high loading capacity for drug loading and improves the hydrophilicity and stability of drugs; (2) the ability to modify surface with targeting ligands to enhance the tumor selective accumulation …
Why are gold nanoparticles so important?
To minimize aggregation, the versatile surface chemistry of gold nanoparticles allows them to be coated with polymers, small molecules, and biological recognition molecules. This surface modification enables gold nanoparticles to be used extensively in chemical, biological, engineering, and medical applications.
How are nanoparticles administered?
Administration of clinically relevant nanoparticles (NPs) to humans can occur in various ways, including inhalation, oral ingestion, injection (intravenous, intramuscular, and subcutaneous), and dermal and ocular penetration [1, 2] .
What are the clinical applications of gold nanoparticles?
The unique optical, chemical, and biological properties of gold nanoparticles have resulted in them becoming of clinical interest in several applications including drug and gene delivery.
What is the pathway of gold nanoparticles?
Gold nanoparticles followed three main pathways for the cellular uptake which includes receptor mediated endocytosis, phagocytosis and fluidphase endocytosis non-toxic agent. There are two factors, i.e. drug release and transport, which are very important for the efficient drug delivery system.
Why Au nanoparticles are the most interesting nanomaterial?
Among them, Au NPs have been considered as the most interesting nanomaterial because of its unique optical, electronic, sensing and biochemical properties. Au NPs have been potentially applied for medical imaging, drug delivery, and tumor therapy in the early detection, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases.
What nanomaterials are used in biomedical applications?
Common nanomaterials applicable in biomedical applications include liposomes, polymeric micelles, graphene, carbon nanotubes, quantum dots, ferroferric oxide nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles (Au NPs), and so on.